Techniques › T1539
T1539 Steal Web Session Cookie
credential access — Linux, macOS, Office Suite, SaaS, Windows · attack.mitre.org · JSON
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MITRE detection strategy
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analytics
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Sigma rules tagged attack.t1539
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KEV CVEs mapped here
<p>An adversary may steal web application or service session cookies and use them to gain access to web applications or Internet services as an authenticated user without needing credentials. Web applications and services often use session cookies as an authentication token after a user has authenticated to a website.</p><p>Cookies are often valid for an extended period of time, even if the web application is not actively used. Cookies can be found on disk, in the process memory of the browser, and in network traffic to remote systems. Additionally, other applications on the targets machine might store sensitive authentication cookies in memory (e.g. apps which authenticate to cloud services). Session cookies can be used to bypasses some multi-factor authentication protocols.</p><p>There are several examples of malware targeting cookies from web browsers on the local system. Adversaries may also steal cookies by injecting malicious JavaScript content into websites or relying on User Execution by tricking victims into running malicious JavaScript in their browser.</p><p>There are also open source frameworks such as
Evilginx2 and Muraena that can gather session cookies through a malicious proxy (e.g., Adversary-in-the-Middle) that can be set up by an adversary and used in phishing campaigns.</p><p>After an adversary acquires a valid cookie, they can then perform a Web Session Cookie technique to login to the corresponding web application.</p>KEV CVEs mapped to this technique · CTID Mappings Explorer
None. No KEV entry in the public mapping names this technique. Given that 74.7% of KEV has no mapping at all, this says more about the mapping than about the technique.
Detection strategy · ATT&CK Enterprise v19.2
- DET0509 Detection of Web Session Cookie Theft via File, Memory, and Network Artifacts v1.0
AN1402 WindowsDetects suspicious access to browser session cookie storage (e.g., Chrome’s
CookiesSQLite DB) or memory reads of browser processes. Anomalous injection or memory dump utilities targeting browser processes such aschrome.exe,firefox.exe, ormsedge.exe.Tunable:TargetProcessListAccessToolListTargetCookiePathsAN1403 LinuxDetects access to known browser cookie files (e.g.,~/.mozilla/firefox/*.default/cookies.sqlite,~/.config/google-chrome/) and suspicious reads of browser memory via/proc/[pid]/memor ptrace.Tunable:CookieFilePatternsTimeWindowBrowserProcPatternsAN1404 macOSDetects unauthorized access to browser cookie paths (e.g.,~/Library/Application Support/Google/Chrome/Default/Cookies) ortask_for_pid/vm_readcalls to Safari/Chrome memory space.Tunable:TargetBrowserListBrowserCookiePathListAN1405 Office SuiteDetects automation macros or VBA scripts in documents that access browser file paths, read cookie data, or attempt to exfiltrate browser session tokens over HTTP.Tunable:MacroTargetPathHTTPDestinationIPListAN1406 SaaSDetects use of session cookies or authentication tokens from unusual user agents or locations. Identifies token reuse without reauthentication or attempts to bypass MFA using previously stolen cookies.saas:googleworkspacelogin with reused session token and mismatched user agent or IP→ DC0002 User Account AuthenticationTunable:TokenReuseTimeWindowUserAgentAnomalyScoreGeoLocationAnomalyScore
Sigma rules · SigmaHQ da9bb07d64, tag attack.t1539
Author: TropChaud
· 2022-12-19 (modified 2023-01-19) · logsource: product=windows category=process_creation · 24c77512-782b-448a-8950-eddb0785fc71
Detect usage of the "sqlite" binary to query databases in Chromium-based browsers for potential data stealing.
Author: frack113
· 2022-04-08 (modified 2023-01-19) · logsource: product=windows category=process_creation · 4833155a-4053-4c9c-a997-777fcea0baa7
Detect usage of the "sqlite" binary to query databases in Firefox and other Gecko-based browsers for potential data stealing.