Coverage › CVE-2021-45382
CVE-2021-45382 Mapped Partial Sigma
D-Link Multiple Routers Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
- Vendor / product
- D-Link — Multiple Routers
- Description (CISA)
- A remote code execution vulnerability exists in all series H/W revisions routers via the DDNS function in ncc2 binary file.
- Added to KEV
- 2022-04-04
- Due date
- 2022-04-25
- Required action
- The impacted product is end-of-life and should be disconnected if still in use.
- Known ransomware use
- Unknown
- CWE
- CWE-78
- CISA notes
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45382
- Elsewhere
- cve.org · NVD · CISA KEV · JSON
ATT&CK techniques · CTID Mappings Explorer, ATT&CK 16.1, KEV snapshot 2025-07-28
6 mapping objects across 6 techniques. exploitation technique states how the vulnerability is exploited; primary and secondary impact state what exploitation achieves. They are different claims and are labelled as such.
| Technique | Mapping type | CTID comment | Status in v19.2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application | exploitation technique | This remote command execution vulnerability is exploited by an unauthenticated, remote adversary via the DDNS function in ncc2 binary file. Adversaries have leveraged this vulnerability to spread a variant of Mirai botnet called Beastmode and IZ1H9 to cause a distributed denial of service attack.
In the IZ1H9 attack, once the attackers took advantage of the vulnerability, they injected the IZ1H9 payload into the device. This program included instructions to download another script from a specific web address. When this script ran, it erased records to cover up the malicious actions and then downloaded additional software designed for different types of devices. The script also changed the device's settings to block certain network connections, making it more difficult to remove the malware. After these steps, the infected device connected to a control server, waiting for instructions on which type of denial-of-service attack to carry out, such as disrupting services using various internet protocols.
In the Beastmode attack, exploiting the vulnerability led to the download and execution of a script called "ddns.sh." This script then fetched the Beastmode program, which was saved and run with specific settings. These settings allowed the infected device to join a subgroup within the larger botnet, helping the attackers manage and assess the effectiveness of their exploits. Once devices were compromised by Beastmode, the botnet could be used to launch various types of denial-of-service attacks, similar to those seen in other Mirai-based botnets. ref 1 · ref 2 · ref 3 · ref 4 · ref 5 |
live |
| T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter | primary impact | This remote command execution vulnerability is exploited by an unauthenticated, remote adversary via the DDNS function in ncc2 binary file. Adversaries have leveraged this vulnerability to spread a variant of Mirai botnet called Beastmode and IZ1H9 to cause a distributed denial of service attack.
In the IZ1H9 attack, once the attackers took advantage of the vulnerability, they injected the IZ1H9 payload into the device. This program included instructions to download another script from a specific web address. When this script ran, it erased records to cover up the malicious actions and then downloaded additional software designed for different types of devices. The script also changed the device's settings to block certain network connections, making it more difficult to remove the malware. After these steps, the infected device connected to a control server, waiting for instructions on which type of denial-of-service attack to carry out, such as disrupting services using various internet protocols.
In the Beastmode attack, exploiting the vulnerability led to the download and execution of a script called "ddns.sh." This script then fetched the Beastmode program, which was saved and run with specific settings. These settings allowed the infected device to join a subgroup within the larger botnet, helping the attackers manage and assess the effectiveness of their exploits. Once devices were compromised by Beastmode, the botnet could be used to launch various types of denial-of-service attacks, similar to those seen in other Mirai-based botnets. ref 1 · ref 2 · ref 3 · ref 4 · ref 5 |
live |
| T1070 Indicator Removal | secondary impact | This remote command execution vulnerability is exploited by an unauthenticated, remote adversary via the DDNS function in ncc2 binary file. Adversaries have leveraged this vulnerability to spread a variant of Mirai botnet called Beastmode and IZ1H9 to cause a distributed denial of service attack.
In the IZ1H9 attack, once the attackers took advantage of the vulnerability, they injected the IZ1H9 payload into the device. This program included instructions to download another script from a specific web address. When this script ran, it erased records to cover up the malicious actions and then downloaded additional software designed for different types of devices. The script also changed the device's settings to block certain network connections, making it more difficult to remove the malware. After these steps, the infected device connected to a control server, waiting for instructions on which type of denial-of-service attack to carry out, such as disrupting services using various internet protocols.
In the Beastmode attack, exploiting the vulnerability led to the download and execution of a script called "ddns.sh." This script then fetched the Beastmode program, which was saved and run with specific settings. These settings allowed the infected device to join a subgroup within the larger botnet, helping the attackers manage and assess the effectiveness of their exploits. Once devices were compromised by Beastmode, the botnet could be used to launch various types of denial-of-service attacks, similar to those seen in other Mirai-based botnets. ref 1 · ref 2 · ref 3 · ref 4 · ref 5 |
live |
| T1071 Application Layer Protocol | secondary impact | This remote command execution vulnerability is exploited by an unauthenticated, remote adversary via the DDNS function in ncc2 binary file. Adversaries have leveraged this vulnerability to spread a variant of Mirai botnet called Beastmode and IZ1H9 to cause a distributed denial of service attack.
In the IZ1H9 attack, once the attackers took advantage of the vulnerability, they injected the IZ1H9 payload into the device. This program included instructions to download another script from a specific web address. When this script ran, it erased records to cover up the malicious actions and then downloaded additional software designed for different types of devices. The script also changed the device's settings to block certain network connections, making it more difficult to remove the malware. After these steps, the infected device connected to a control server, waiting for instructions on which type of denial-of-service attack to carry out, such as disrupting services using various internet protocols.
In the Beastmode attack, exploiting the vulnerability led to the download and execution of a script called "ddns.sh." This script then fetched the Beastmode program, which was saved and run with specific settings. These settings allowed the infected device to join a subgroup within the larger botnet, helping the attackers manage and assess the effectiveness of their exploits. Once devices were compromised by Beastmode, the botnet could be used to launch various types of denial-of-service attacks, similar to those seen in other Mirai-based botnets. ref 1 · ref 2 · ref 3 · ref 4 · ref 5 |
live |
| T1499.002 Service Exhaustion Flood | secondary impact | This remote command execution vulnerability is exploited by an unauthenticated, remote adversary via the DDNS function in ncc2 binary file. Adversaries have leveraged this vulnerability to spread a variant of Mirai botnet called Beastmode and IZ1H9 to cause a distributed denial of service attack.
In the IZ1H9 attack, once the attackers took advantage of the vulnerability, they injected the IZ1H9 payload into the device. This program included instructions to download another script from a specific web address. When this script ran, it erased records to cover up the malicious actions and then downloaded additional software designed for different types of devices. The script also changed the device's settings to block certain network connections, making it more difficult to remove the malware. After these steps, the infected device connected to a control server, waiting for instructions on which type of denial-of-service attack to carry out, such as disrupting services using various internet protocols.
In the Beastmode attack, exploiting the vulnerability led to the download and execution of a script called "ddns.sh." This script then fetched the Beastmode program, which was saved and run with specific settings. These settings allowed the infected device to join a subgroup within the larger botnet, helping the attackers manage and assess the effectiveness of their exploits. Once devices were compromised by Beastmode, the botnet could be used to launch various types of denial-of-service attacks, similar to those seen in other Mirai-based botnets. ref 1 · ref 2 · ref 3 · ref 4 · ref 5 |
live |
| T1543 Create or Modify System Process | secondary impact | This remote command execution vulnerability is exploited by an unauthenticated, remote adversary via the DDNS function in ncc2 binary file. Adversaries have leveraged this vulnerability to spread a variant of Mirai botnet called Beastmode and IZ1H9 to cause a distributed denial of service attack.
In the IZ1H9 attack, once the attackers took advantage of the vulnerability, they injected the IZ1H9 payload into the device. This program included instructions to download another script from a specific web address. When this script ran, it erased records to cover up the malicious actions and then downloaded additional software designed for different types of devices. The script also changed the device's settings to block certain network connections, making it more difficult to remove the malware. After these steps, the infected device connected to a control server, waiting for instructions on which type of denial-of-service attack to carry out, such as disrupting services using various internet protocols.
In the Beastmode attack, exploiting the vulnerability led to the download and execution of a script called "ddns.sh." This script then fetched the Beastmode program, which was saved and run with specific settings. These settings allowed the infected device to join a subgroup within the larger botnet, helping the attackers manage and assess the effectiveness of their exploits. Once devices were compromised by Beastmode, the botnet could be used to launch various types of denial-of-service attacks, similar to those seen in other Mirai-based botnets. ref 1 · ref 2 · ref 3 · ref 4 · ref 5 |
live |
Detection chain · ATT&CK Enterprise v19.2 detection strategies, analytics, log sources
T1059 Command and Scripting Interpreter primary impact
- DET0516 Behavioral Detection of Command and Scripting Interpreter Abuse
AN1428 WindowsDetects the execution of scripting or command interpreters (e.g., powershell.exe, cmd.exe, wscript.exe) outside expected administrative time windows or from abnormal user contexts, often followed by encoded/obfuscated arguments or secondary execution events.Tunable:
CommandLinePatternParentProcessNameTimeWindowAN1429 LinuxDetects use of shell interpreters (e.g., bash, sh, python, perl) initiated by users or processes not normally executing them, especially when chaining suspicious utilities like netcat, curl, or ssh.Tunable:InterpreterNameUserContextExecutionChainLengthAN1430 macOSDetects launch of command-line interpreters via Terminal, Automator, or hiddenosascript, especially when parent process lineage deviates from user-initiated applications.macos:unifiedloglog stream --info --predicate 'eventMessage CONTAINS "exec"'→ DC0032 Process CreationTunable:LaunchAgentNameScriptNameTerminalAppUsageAN1431 ESXiDetects use of 'esxcli system' or direct interpreter commands (e.g., busybox shell) invoked from SSH or host terminal unexpectedly.Tunable:ShellEnabledFlagSSHContextAN1432 Network DevicesIdentifies CLI interpreter access (e.g., Cisco IOS, Juniper JUNOS) viaenablemode or scripting-capable sessions used by uncommon accounts or from unknown IPs.Tunable:UserRoleDeviceType
Sigma rules tagged attack.t1059 (95)
Author: Sohan G (D4rkCiph3r)
· 2023-04-05 · logsource: product=macos category=process_creation · 0250638a-2b28-4541-86fc-ea4c558fa0c6
Detects suspicious child processes spawned from browsers. This could be a result of a potential web browser exploitation.
Author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
· 2023-04-17 · logsource: product=windows category=process_creation · 05ebafc8-7aa2-4bcd-a269-2aec93f9e842
Detects usage of winget to add new additional download sources
Author: Victor Sergeev, oscd.community
· 2020-10-09 (modified 2024-04-23) · logsource: product=windows category=process_creation · 06b401f4-107c-4ff9-947f-9ec1e7649f1e
Detects execution of "ftp.exe" script with the "-s" or "/s" flag and any child processes ran by "ftp.exe".
Author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), E.M. Anhaus (originally from Atomic Blue Detections, Endgame), oscd.community
· 2022-06-14 (modified 2023-01-04) · logsource: product=windows category=process_creation · 0955e4e1-c281-4fb9-9ee1-5ee7b4b754d2
Detects execition of commands and binaries from the context of The program compatibility assistant (Pcalua.exe). This can be used as a LOLBIN in order to bypass application whitelisting.
Author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems)
· 2025-11-25 · logsource: product=linux category=process_creation · 11bb9b26-4179-4a06-afcb-1ec31fce1627
Detects potential Shai-Hulud malware indicators based on specific command line arguments associated with its execution.
Author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
· 2022-02-08 (modified 2026-02-17) · logsource: product=windows category=process_creation · 1228c958-e64e-4e71-92ad-7d429f4138ba
Detects suspicious script execution from suspicious directories or folders accessible by environment variables that may indicate malware activity.
Script interpreters (cscript, wscript, mshta, powershell) executing from folders like Temp, Public, or user profile directories may suggest attempts to evade detection or execute malicious scripts.
Author: Josh Nickels, Marius Rothenbücher
· 2024-09-06 · logsource: product=windows category=dns_query · 12310575-e8b1-475c-a976-57ed540b349c
Detects unusual domain resolutions originating from CScript/WScript that can identify malicious javascript files executing in an environment, often as a result from a phishing or watering hole attack.
Author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
· 2021-11-20 (modified 2023-03-29) · logsource: product=windows category=file_event · 1277f594-a7d1-4f28-a2d3-73af5cbeab43
Detects Windows shells and scripting applications that write files to suspicious folders
Author: frack113, Tim Shelton (update fp)
· 2022-12-05 (modified 2025-03-06) · logsource: product=windows category=process_creation · 178e615d-e666-498b-9630-9ed363038101
Detects when a shell program such as the Windows command prompt or PowerShell is launched with system privileges from a uncommon parent location.
Author: Micah Babinski
· 2023-10-15 · logsource: product=windows category=file_event · 1a433e1d-03d2-47a6-8063-ece992cf4e73
Detects the usage of curl.exe, KeyScramblerLogon, or other non-standard/suspicious processes used to create Autoit3.exe.
This activity has been associated with DarkGate malware, which uses Autoit3.exe to execute shellcode that performs
process injection and connects to the DarkGate command-and-control server. Curl, KeyScramblerLogon, and these other
processes consitute non-standard and suspicious ways to retrieve the Autoit3 executable.
Author: Andreas Braathen (mnemonic.io)
· 2023-11-14 · logsource: product=windows category=process_creation · 1ddaa9a4-eb0b-4398-a9fe-7b018f9e23db
Detects exploitation attempt of CVE-2023-22518 (Confluence Data Center / Confluence Server), where an attacker can exploit vulnerable endpoints to e.g. create admin accounts and execute arbitrary commands.
Author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
· 2023-01-02 · logsource: product=windows category=process_creation · 20a5ffa1-3848-4584-b6f8-c7c7fd9f69c8
Detects execution of ruby using the "-e" flag. This is could be used as a way to launch a reverse shell or execute live ruby code.
Author: Tim Rauch (rule), Elastic (idea)
· 2022-10-17 · logsource: product=macos category=process_creation · 234dc5df-40b5-49d1-bf53-0d44ce778eca
Detects when a built-in utility is used to decode and decrypt a payload after a macOS disk image (DMG) is executed. Malware authors may attempt to evade detection and trick users into executing malicious code by encoding and encrypting their payload and placing it in a disk image file. This behavior is consistent with adware or malware families such as Bundlore and Shlayer.
Author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
· 2023-06-14 · logsource: product=windows category=process_creation · 236d8e89-ed95-4789-a982-36f4643738ba
Detects execution of the "VMwareToolBoxCmd.exe" with the "script" and "set" flag to setup a specific script that's located in a potentially suspicious location to run for a specific VM state
Author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), X__Junior (Nextron Systems)
· 2024-01-11 · logsource: product=windows category=process_creation · 2433a154-bb3d-42e4-86c3-a26bdac91c45
Detects the execution of a renamed "PingCastle" binary based on the PE metadata fields.
All 95 rules on the technique page →
T1070 Indicator Removal secondary impact
- DET0184 Behavioral Detection of Indicator Removal Across Platforms
AN0520 WindowsMonitors sequences involving deletion/modification of logs, registry keys, scheduled tasks, or prefetch files following suspicious process activity or elevated access escalation.Tunable:
TimeWindowTargetFilePathPatternAN0521 LinuxDetects deletion or overwriting of bash history, syslog, audit logs, and .ssh metadata following privilege elevation or suspicious process spawning.Tunable:MonitoredPathsUserContextAN0522 macOSDetects clearing of unified logs, deletion of plist files tied to persistence, and manipulation of Terminal history after initial execution.Tunable:PlistTargetPathsExecutionChainDepthAN0523 ContainersMonitors tampering with audit logs, volumes, or mounted storage often used for side-channel logging (e.g., /var/log inside containers) post-compromise.Tunable:LogMountPathsContainerLabelScopeAN0524 ESXiTracks suspicious use of ESXi shell commands or PowerCLI to delete logs, rotate system files, or tamper with hostd/vpxa history.Tunable:LogSourceTypeLogPathPatternAN0525 Office SuiteDetects deletion or hiding of security-related mail rules, audit mailboxes, or calendar/log sync artifacts indicative of tampering post-intrusion.Tunable:TargetMailboxScopeAuditLogDepth
Sigma rules tagged attack.t1070 (20)
Author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems)
· 2025-09-02 · logsource: product=windows category=process_creation · 0649be4a-aeb0-45b0-b89e-7f1668f6d9c0
Detects attempts to delete Internet Information Services (IIS) log files via command line utilities, which is a common defense evasion technique used by attackers to cover their tracks.
Threat actors often abuse vulnerabilities in web applications hosted on IIS servers to gain initial access and later delete IIS logs to evade detection.
Author: Christian Burkard (Nextron Systems)
· 2021-10-19 (modified 2023-02-08) · logsource: product=windows category=registry_delete · 07bdd2f5-9c58-4f38-aec8-e101bb79ef8d
Detects the deletion of registry keys containing the MSTSC connection history
Author: Christian Burkard (Nextron Systems)
· 2021-08-27 (modified 2023-01-23) · logsource: product=windows service=msexchange-management · 09570ae5-889e-43ea-aac0-0e1221fb3d95
Detects removal of an exported Exchange mailbox which could be to cover tracks from ProxyShell exploit
Author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
· 2022-06-28 (modified 2022-11-25) · logsource: product=windows category=ps_script · 115fdba9-f017-42e6-84cf-d5573bf2ddf8
Detects usage of powershell cmdlets to disable or remove ETW trace sessions
Author: Janantha Marasinghe
· 2022-12-13 (modified 2022-12-28) · logsource: product=aws service=cloudtrail · 20f754db-d025-4a8f-9d74-e0037e999a9a
Detects an instance of an SES identity being deleted via the "DeleteIdentity" event. This may be an indicator of an adversary removing the account that carried out suspicious or malicious activities
Author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
· 2023-02-16 · logsource: product=windows category=file_delete · 270185ff-5f50-4d6d-a27f-24c3b8c9fef8
Detects the deletion of tomcat WebServer logs which may indicate an attempt to destroy forensic evidence
Author: Leo Tsaousis (@laripping)
· 2024-03-26 · logsource: product=kubernetes category=application service=audit · 3132570d-cab2-4561-9ea6-1743644b2290
Detects when events are deleted in Kubernetes.
An adversary may delete Kubernetes events in an attempt to evade detection.
Author: Tim Rauch (Nextron Systems), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
· 2022-09-16 (modified 2023-02-15) · logsource: product=windows category=file_delete · 3eb8c339-a765-48cc-a150-4364c04652bf
Detects the deletion of IIS WebServer access logs which may indicate an attempt to destroy forensic evidence
Author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
· 2023-02-13 (modified 2025-10-07) · logsource: product=windows category=process_creation · 4931188c-178e-4ee7-a348-39e8a7a56821
Detect filter driver unloading activity via fltmc.exe
Author: Kirill Kiryanov, oscd.community
· 2019-10-23 (modified 2023-02-13) · logsource: product=windows category=process_creation · 4d7cda18-1b12-4e52-b45c-d28653210df8
Detects possible Sysmon filter driver unloaded via fltmc.exe
Author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
· 2023-02-15 · logsource: product=windows category=file_delete · 63c779ba-f638-40a0-a593-ddd45e8b1ddc
Detects the deletion of the event log files which may indicate an attempt to destroy forensic evidence
Author: Tuan Le (NCSGroup), Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
· 2023-03-09 · logsource: product=linux category=process_creation · 95d61234-7f56-465c-6f2d-b562c6fedbc4
Detects linux package removal using builtin tools such as "yum", "apt", "apt-get" or "dpkg".
Author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
· 2022-07-17 (modified 2023-09-18) · logsource: product=windows category=image_load · 9e9a9002-56c4-40fd-9eff-e4b09bfa5f6c
Detects when a system process (i.e. located in system32, syswow64, etc.) loads a DLL from a suspicious location or a location with permissive permissions such as "C:\Users\Public"
Author: @neu5ron, Florian Roth (Nextron Systems), Jonhnathan Ribeiro, oscd.community
· 2019-03-22 (modified 2022-06-28) · logsource: product=windows category=process_creation · a238b5d0-ce2d-4414-a676-7a531b3d13d6
Detects command line activity that tries to clear or disable any ETW trace log which could be a sign of logging evasion.
Author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
· 2022-10-26 (modified 2022-12-30) · logsource: product=windows category=file_delete · a55349d8-9588-4c5a-8e3b-1925fe2a4ffe
Detects the deletion of the Exchange PowerShell cmdlet History logs which may indicate an attempt to destroy forensic evidence
All 20 rules on the technique page →
T1071 Application Layer Protocol secondary impact
- DET0444 Detection of Command and Control Over Application Layer Protocols
AN1225 WindowsDetects suspicious usage of common application-layer protocols (e.g., HTTP, HTTPS, DNS, SMB) by abnormal processes, with high outbound byte counts or irregular ports, possibly indicating command and control or data exfiltration.Tunable:
ProtocolListDataVolumeThresholdUnusualProcessListAN1226 LinuxDetects suspicious curl, wget, or custom socket traffic that leverages DNS, HTTPS, or IRC-style protocols with unbalanced traffic or beacon-like intervals.Tunable:KnownPortsToMonitorBeaconTimingThresholdAN1227 macOSDetects applications using abnormal protocols or high volume traffic not previously associated with the process image, such as Automator or AppleScript invoking curl or python sockets.Tunable:SocketParentProcessMatchDataFlowImbalanceRatioAN1228 Network DevicesDetects application-layer tunneling or unauthorized app protocols like DNS-over-HTTPS, embedded C2 in TLS/HTTP headers, or misused SMB traffic crossing VLANs.Tunable:AppProtocolAbusePatternNorthSouthEgressFilter
Sigma rules tagged attack.t1071 (7)
Author: Aleksey Potapov, oscd.community
· 2019-10-22 (modified 2023-02-13) · logsource: product=windows category=process_creation · 03552375-cc2c-4883-bbe4-7958d5a980be
Detects SILENTTRINITY stager use via PE metadata
Author: @kostastsale
· 2024-08-16 · logsource: product=windows category=process_creation · 0ea52357-cd59-4340-9981-c46c7e900428
Detects the execution of rundll32.exe with the oledb32.dll library to open a UDL file.
Threat actors can abuse this technique as a phishing vector to capture authentication credentials or other sensitive data.
Author: Tim Burrell
· 2020-02-07 (modified 2023-01-02) · logsource: product=windows service=dns-server-analytic · 3db10f25-2527-4b79-8d4b-471eb900ee29
Detects artefacts associated with activity group GALLIUM - Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center indicators released in December 2019.
Author: Tim Burrell
· 2020-02-07 (modified 2024-11-23) · logsource: product=windows category=process_creation · 440a56bf-7873-4439-940a-1c8a671073c2
Detects artifacts associated with GALLIUM cyber espionage group as reported by Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center in the December 2019 report.
Author: Daniel Koifman (KoifSec)
· 2025-11-29 · logsource: product=windows category=process_creation · 5bac7a56-da88-4c27-922e-c81e113b20cb
Detects GitHub self-hosted runners executing workflows on local infrastructure that could be abused for persistence and code execution.
Shai-Hulud is an npm supply chain worm targeting CI/CD environments.
It installs runners on compromised systems to maintain access after credential theft, leveraging their access to secrets and internal networks.
Author: Aleksey Potapov, oscd.community
· 2019-10-22 (modified 2023-02-17) · logsource: product=windows category=image_load · 75c505b1-711d-4f68-a357-8c3fe37dbf2d
Detects SILENTTRINITY stager dll loading activity
Author: Sohan G (D4rkCiph3r)
· 2023-02-18 · logsource: product=macos category=process_creation · e0cfaecd-602d-41af-988d-f6ccebb2af26
Detects the execution of suspicious child processes from macOS installer package parent process. This includes osascript, JXA, curl and wget amongst other interpreters
T1190 Exploit Public-Facing Application exploitation technique
- DET0080 Exploit Public-Facing Application – multi-signal correlation (request → error → post-exploit process/egress)
AN0219 WindowsAdversary sends crafted HTTP/S (or other service) input to an Internet-facing app (IIS/ASP.NET, API, device portal). Chain: (1) abnormal request patterns to public endpoint → (2) elevated 4xx/5xx or unusual methods/paths → (3) server process (w3wp.exe/other service) spawns shell/LOLbins or loads non-standard modules → (4) optional outbound callback from the host/container.ApplicationLog:IIS
IIS W3C logs in C:\inetpub\logs\LogFiles\W3SVC* (spikes in 5xx, RCE/SQLi/path traversal/JNDI patterns)→ DC0038 Application Log ContentTunable:PublicVIPsSuspiciousPatternsErrorRateThresholdTimeWindowAllowedChildListAN0220 LinuxAdversary exploits Apache/Nginx/app servers. Chain: (1) suspicious requests in access logs → (2) spike of 5xx or WAF blocks → (3) web server or interpreter (apache2/nginx/php-fpm/node/python) spawns /bin/sh, curl, wget, socat, or writes webshell → (4) outbound callback.ApplicationLog:WebServer/var/log/httpd/access_log, /var/log/apache2/access.log, /var/log/nginx/access.log with exploit indicators and burst errors→ DC0038 Application Log ContentNSM:FlowHTTP payloads with SQLi/LFI/JNDI/deserialization indicators→ DC0085 Network Traffic ContentTunable:WebProcListChildToolListBurstThresholdTimeWindowAN0221 macOSAdversary targets macOS-hosted public services (e.g., nginx, node). Chain: suspicious inbound request → service crash/5xx → service spawns shell or writes file → new outbound connection.macos:unifiedlogApp/web server logs ingested via unified logging or filebeat (nginx/apache/node).→ DC0038 Application Log ContentTunable:ServiceListTimeWindowAN0222 ContainersAdversary exploits containerized app via ingress or service. Chain: (1) suspicious request in ingress/app logs → (2) container process spawns a shell/exec/sidecar (kubectl exec/docker exec) → (3) egress to Internet or metadata service (169.254.169.254).ApplicationLog:IngressKubernetes NGINX/Envoy ingress controller logs with anomalous payloads and 5xx spikes→ DC0038 Application Log Contentdocker:eventsDocker/Kubernetes audit of exec/attach (kubectl exec) or unexpected child processes inside container→ DC0032 Process CreationNSM:FlowRequests towards cloud metadata or command & control from pod IPs→ DC0085 Network Traffic ContentTunable:IngressNamespacesMetadataEndpointsTimeWindowAN0223 IaaSAdversary targets cloud-hosted public endpoints. Chain: (1) ALB/ELB/Cloud LB logs show exploit-like inputs or error spikes → (2) workload spawns shell or reaches metadata API → (3) egress to new external hosts.ALB:HTTPLogsAWS ALB/ELB/GCP/Azure Application Gateway HTTP logs with unusual methods, long URIs, serialized payloads, 4xx/5xx bursts→ DC0085 Network Traffic ContentAWS:VPCFlowLogsVPC/NSG flow logs for pod/instance egress to Internet or metadata→ DC0078 Network Traffic FlowTunable:LBProjectsErrorBurstAN0224 ESXiAdversary exploits exposed OpenSLP on ESXi or vCenter public endpoints. Chain: inbound request pattern to mgmt service → hostd/vpxd error/crash/restart → unexpected process behavior or datastore access → outbound callback.esxi:hostd/var/log/hostd.log anomalies (faults, crashes, restarts) around inbound connections→ DC0038 Application Log ContentNSM:FlowConnections to TCP 427 (SLP) or vCenter web services from untrusted sources→ DC0085 Network Traffic ContentTunable:MgmtCIDRTimeWindowAN0225 Network DevicesAdversary exploits public admin services on routers/firewalls/switches. Chain: anomalous HTTP/SNMP/SmartInstall inputs → device syslog errors/restarts → config changes/CLI spawn → egress to attacker C2.networkdevice:controlplaneSyslog from edge devices with HTTP 500s on mgmt portal, SmartInstall events, unexpected CLI commands→ DC0038 Application Log ContentTunable:MgmtPortsTrustedAdmins
Sigma rules tagged attack.t1190 (149)
Author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
· 2023-05-30 · logsource: category=webserver · 043c1609-0e32-4462-a6f2-5a0c2da3fafe
Detects a potential exploitation attempt of CVE-2023-25717 a Remote Code Execution via an unauthenticated HTTP GET Request, in Ruckus Wireless Admin
Author: @gott_cyber
· 2022-12-11 (modified 2023-03-24) · logsource: category=webserver · 0bbcd74b-0596-41a4-94a0-4e88a76ffdb3
Detects exploitation attempt of the CVE-2021-27905 which affects all Apache Solr versions prior to and including 8.8.1.
Author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
· 2020-07-10 (modified 2023-01-02) · logsource: category=webserver · 0d0d9a8a-a49e-4e27-b061-7ce4b936cfb7
Detects exploitation attempt against Citrix Netscaler, Application Delivery Controller (ADS) and Citrix Gateway exploiting vulnerabilities reported as CVE-2020-8193 and CVE-2020-8195
Author: Thomas Patzke
· 2017-08-06 (modified 2020-09-01) · logsource: product=ruby_on_rails category=application · 0d2c3d4c-4b48-4ac3-8f23-ea845746bb1a
Detects suspicious Ruby on Rails exceptions that could indicate exploitation attempts
Author: Bhabesh Raj
· 2023-02-23 · logsource: category=webserver · 0e1ebc5a-15d0-4bf6-8199-b2535397433a
Detects the potential exploitation attempt of CVE-2023-23752 an Improper access check, in web service endpoints in Joomla
Author: Nisarg Suthar
· 2025-08-01 · logsource: product=windows category=process_creation · 0fdc7c7f-c690-4217-9ae3-31f5156eed72
Detects suspicious child processes created by CrushFTP. It could be an indication of exploitation of a RCE vulnerability such as CVE-2025-54309.
Author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
· 2019-05-22 (modified 2023-01-25) · logsource: product=windows category=process_creation · 1012f107-b8f1-4271-af30-5aed2de89b39
Detects a process spawned by the terminal service server process (this could be an indicator for an exploitation of CVE-2019-0708)
Author: jamesc-grafana
· 2024-07-11 · logsource: product=aws service=cloudtrail · 14f3f1c8-02d5-43a2-a191-91ffb52d3015
Detects changes to the security group entries for RDS databases.
This can indicate that a misconfiguration has occurred which potentially exposes the database to the public internet, a wider audience within the VPC or that removal of valid rules has occurred which could impact the availability of the database to legitimate services and users.
Author: Swachchhanda Shrawan Poudel (Nextron Systems)
· 2025-11-20 · logsource: category=proxy · 15697955-6a29-47ca-92e9-0e05efae3260
Detects suspicious requests to Cisco ASA WebVpn via proxy logs associated with CVE-2025-20333 and CVE-2025-20362 exploitation.
Author: Bhabesh Raj
· 2021-01-25 (modified 2023-01-02) · logsource: category=webserver · 15c312b9-00d0-4feb-8870-7d940a4bdc5e
Detects the exploitation of the TerraMaster TOS vulnerability described in CVE-2020-28188
Author: Moti Harmats
· 2023-02-11 · logsource: product=velocity category=application · 16c86189-b556-4ee8-b4c7-7e350a195a4f
Detects exceptions in velocity template renderer, this most likely happens due to dynamic rendering of user input and may lead to RCE.
Author: Bhabesh Raj
· 2021-02-24 (modified 2023-01-02) · logsource: category=webserver · 179ed852-0f9b-4009-93a7-68475910fd86
Detects the exploitation of VSphere Remote Code Execution vulnerability as described in CVE-2021-21972
Author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
· 2022-12-22 (modified 2023-01-02) · logsource: category=webserver · 181f49fa-0b21-4665-a98c-a57025ebb8c7
Detects exploitation attempt of the OWASSRF variant targeting exchange servers It uses the OWA endpoint to access the powershell backend endpoint
Author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems), Tim Shelton
· 2022-07-19 (modified 2026-06-11) · logsource: category=webserver · 19aa4f58-94ca-45ff-bc34-92e533c0994a
Detects known suspicious (default) user-agents related to scanning/recon tools
Author: Thomas Patzke
· 2017-08-12 (modified 2020-09-01) · logsource: product=python category=application · 19aefed0-ffd4-47dc-a7fc-f8b1425e84f9
Generic rule for SQL exceptions in Python according to PEP 249
All 149 rules on the technique page →
T1499.002 Service Exhaustion Flood secondary impact
- DET0173 Detection Strategy for Endpoint DoS via Service Exhaustion Flood
AN0489 WindowsHigh-frequency, repetitive service requests (e.g., HTTP, TLS renegotiation) originating from a single or small set of source IPs targeting endpoint web services or application ports, leading to exhaustion of CPU or memory on targeted Windows services.WinEventLog:Application
Unexpected spikes in request volume, application-level errors, or thread pool exhaustion in web or API logs→ DC0038 Application Log ContentWindows:perfmonSustained CPU/memory exhaustion by service process (e.g., w3wp.exe)→ DC0018 Host StatusTunable:TimeWindowTargetServicePortCPUThresholdAN0490 LinuxExcessive inbound HTTP or TLS connections to services such as Apache or Nginx, causing worker thread exhaustion or segmentation faults.auditd:SYSCALLHigh frequency of accept(), read(), or SSL_read() syscalls tied to nginx/apache processes→ DC0035 Process AccessNSM:FlowSudden spike in incoming flows to web service ports from single/multiple IPs→ DC0078 Network Traffic Flowlinux:syslogRepetitive HTTP 408, 500, or 503 errors logged within short timeframe→ DC0038 Application Log ContentTunable:ErrorCodeWindowConnectionRateThresholdAN0491 macOSFlood of incoming TLS or HTTP(S) connections to macOS-hosted services (e.g., MAMP, Apache), causing high CPU usage and system unresponsiveness.macos:unifiedlogWeb service process (e.g., httpd) entering crash loop or consuming excessive CPU→ DC0018 Host Statusmacos:unifiedlogRapid incoming TLS handshakes or HTTP requests in quick succession→ DC0085 Network Traffic ContentTunable:TLSHandshakeRateServiceCrashFrequencyAN0492 IaaSAutomated or scripted HTTP/TLS flooding from one VM or cloud instance against another service, exploiting compute-based billing or exhaustion of service infrastructure.AWS:VPCFlowLogsUnusual volume of inbound packets from single source across short time interval→ DC0078 Network Traffic FlowAWS:CloudWatchSustained spike in CPU usage on EC2 instance with web service role→ DC0018 Host StatusTunable:VPCFlowBurstRateEC2CPUThreshold
Sigma rules tagged attack.t1499.002 (0)
None. MITRE's strategy above is the only public detection guidance for this technique.
T1543 Create or Modify System Process secondary impact
- DET0571 Detection of System Process Creation or Modification Across Platforms
AN1575 WindowsDetects command-line or API-based creation/modification of Windows Services via
sc.exe,powershell.exe,services.exe, orChangeServiceConfig. Looks for creation/modification of autostart services via registry changes, file drops toSystem32\services, and anomalous parent-child process trees.Tunable:ServiceNamePatternParentProcessFilterRegistryPathListAN1576 LinuxDetects creation or modification ofsystemdservice units, addition of cron jobs that invoke binaries on boot, or suspicious writes to/etc/init.d/. Monitorschmod +xandsystemctlexecution paths, especially from non-root parent processes.auditd:SYSCALLexecution of systemctl or service with enable/start/modify→ DC0064 Command ExecutionTunable:ServicePathRegexUserContextListCommandNameListAN1577 macOSDetects creation or modification ofLaunchDaemonorLaunchAgentplist files under/Library/LaunchDaemons/,~/Library/LaunchAgents/, or similar. Monitors execution oflaunchctl, property list edits, and file permission changes.Tunable:PlistPathListPlistKeyMonitorUnsignedBinaryAlertAN1578 ContainersDetects creation of new container system processes viadocker run --restart,kubectl execto init containers, or modification of container init specs. Flags container images that override entrypoints to embed persistence behaviors.Tunable:EntrypointOverridePatternRestartPolicyMatchKubeInitModPath
Sigma rules tagged attack.t1543 (9)
Author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
· 2023-05-08 (modified 2024-11-23) · logsource: product=windows category=driver_load · 10cb6535-b31d-4512-9962-513dcbc42cc1
Detects driver load of the System Informer tool
Author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
· 2023-05-08 (modified 2024-11-23) · logsource: product=windows category=process_creation · 5722dff1-4bdd-4949-86ab-fbaf707e767a
Detects the execution of System Informer, a task manager tool to view and manipulate processes, kernel options and other low level operations
Author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
· 2022-11-16 (modified 2024-11-23) · logsource: product=windows category=driver_load · 67add051-9ee7-4ad3-93ba-42935615ae8d
Detects driver load of the Process Hacker tool
Author: Tim Rauch (Nextron Systems), Elastic (idea)
· 2022-09-15 (modified 2023-01-04) · logsource: product=windows service=system · 71c276aa-49cd-43d2-b920-2dcd3e6962d5
Detects a service installed by a client which has PID 0 or whose parent has PID 0
Author: Florian Roth (Nextron Systems)
· 2022-10-10 (modified 2024-11-23) · logsource: product=windows category=process_creation · 811e0002-b13b-4a15-9d00-a613fce66e42
Detects the execution of Process Hacker based on binary metadata information (Image, Hash, Imphash, etc).
Process Hacker is a tool to view and manipulate processes, kernel options and other low level options.
Threat actors abused older vulnerable versions to manipulate system processes.
Author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
· 2023-06-06 · logsource: product=windows service=codeintegrity-operational · 9b72b82d-f1c5-4632-b589-187159bc6ec1
Detects blocked load attempts of revoked drivers
Author: Tim Rauch (Nextron Systems), Elastic (idea)
· 2022-09-15 (modified 2023-01-04) · logsource: product=windows service=security · c4e92a97-a9ff-4392-9d2d-7a4c642768ca
Detects a service installed by a client which has PID 0 or whose parent has PID 0
Author: Nasreddine Bencherchali (Nextron Systems)
· 2022-11-10 (modified 2023-06-07) · logsource: product=windows service=codeintegrity-operational · e4be5675-4a53-426a-8c81-a8bb2387e947
Detects blocked load events that did not meet the authenticode signing level requirements or violated the code integrity policy.
Author: Sittikorn S, Tim Shelton
· 2022-05-11 (modified 2022-10-05) · logsource: product=windows service=system · e97d9903-53b2-41fc-8cb9-889ed4093e80
Detects service creation from KrbRelayUp tool used for privilege escalation in Windows domain environments where LDAP signing is not enforced (the default settings)